Grade 8 Teams

Teachers at this grade level have re-examined how powerful literature can be in teaching tolerance, recognizing prejudice, and addressing racism in our culture. This year will see the introduction of new texts and resources that will engage students in experiencing varied perspectives from diverse cultures, including contemporary authors and characters that allow them to see our society through different points of view. We will encourage you to speak to your student about issues that make them curious about how they can connect to others and to the world.

Students entering eighth grade will have read literature through many different lenses. They will have explored literature from different time periods, authors’ perspectives and writing styles, and evaluated different themes and literary elements. Students will have experience writing narratives, expository essays, as well as argument essays over varying time frames for different tasks, purposes, and audiences. Students will apply this prior knowledge as they explore the year’s overarching theme of the individual and society.

Eighth grade students will study complex psychological, philosophical, and moral themes in literature and informational texts. While examining different genres, students will analyze passages, dialogue, scenes, or words that are critical to the development of a story, theme, or central idea. Through the critical evaluation of classical and contemporary literature, students will focus their writing and class discussions on how literature helps us define the tension between the needs of the individual and the greater good of society. Students will begin to understand that family, community, and society influence one’s decisions and that judging morality is a complex, nuanced undertaking. Students will be encouraged to develop empathy/ compassion for the varied forces that shape one’s actions. Students will read historical fiction as they explore this theme. They will discuss how authors’ perspectives might produce accounts of historical events that differ from what we know happened. In class discussions and literary responses, students will identify figurative language, word choice, voice, and tone. Students will come to class prepared to discuss assigned texts, respond to diverse peer perspectives, ask questions of others, and work collaboratively towards deeper understandings of learned material. Speaking, listening, and language enrichment will remain focal points in the eighth grade language arts curriculum.

In addition, the year will center on three types of writing: narrative, expository, and argument. Students will engage in the writing process including the use of graphic organizers, drafting, and peer/self-revision to publish their work. In their literary analysis, research essays, narratives, and oral presentations, students will draw on multiple sources, including literary, informational, and multimedia texts. Furthermore, students will demonstrate the command of formal English appropriate to audience and task. Through all units, students will develop vocabulary strategies, as well as grade appropriate grammar skills, with a focus on understanding new words based on prior knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes. As the year progresses, students will be expected to demonstrate increasing command of English language conventions, including grammar and vocabulary.

By the end of eighth grade, students will have a rich background in literature and literary non-fiction, with a grasp of historical context and many nuances of the works they have read. With this knowledge of the individual’s role in the greater society, they will be ready for the rigors of high school.

Writing in English Language Arts Grades 6-8

As outlined in the West Hartford District Curriculum Overview documents, writing is one of the basic skills developed over all three grade levels of middle school. Students learn the basics of grammar, usage, and mechanics through regular practice in a variety of writing genres, but their development as writers does not stop there. Students apply the skills they learn in English during other classes such as social studies and science. By the time students arrive at Conard and Hall, they have experienced instruction and assessment that calls for higher-order thinking, creativity, and reflection. Though the samples offered in this brief description indicate the thoughtfulness and care West Hartford Middle School teachers put into their instruction of writing, it is by no means a comprehensive list of student writing tasks and experiences in West Hartford middle schools.

Students practice writing in genres, understanding the characteristics familiar to readers and the organizational structures authors use. Comparison and contrast essays, narrative fiction in creative writing tasks, and reflective journaling in response to literature require students across the grade levels to see how organization and development shape the author’s message and create the means of understanding for the audience. In works collected throughout the year in student writing portfolios, students practice the skills of word choice and sentence fluency displaying voice in their personal narratives and reflective essays. As writers across the disciplines, students practice expository writing skills of descriptive language and supporting points with details from non-fiction texts. This is especially true in social studies where students practice open responses citing the text, respond critically to primary source documents, and employ steps in the writing process as they complete a research experience. As they progress, middle school students at the honors level will interweave supporting examples with commentary required in advanced courses at Conard and Hall.

Students at the middle school level begin regular practice with sentence fluency, developing the skills of writers who vary sentence length and type to communicate both with an audience and for a purpose. Students at the middle school level are encouraged by all teachers to practice the skills of topic development and elaboration, as these skills are put into practice in both everyday writing tasks such as open-ended questions and complex writing tasks such as formal thesis papers and research papers requiring multiple drafts. Teachers differentiate instruction in writing by addressing specific student needs and providing focused correction for classes, small groups, and individuals. Students then use the feedback in teacher comments to practice the skills of revision and editing in their own written work. These skills are shared across the curriculum, so that what is practiced in English language arts class is applied in other subjects requiring a variety of writing tasks.

Parents are welcome to ask questions and discuss the focus of writing instruction in the classroom. English teachers across the district are willing to share their students’ writing development and discuss how parents can help with writing outside of the classroom. Here are a few good questions to ask your son or daughter about their writing:

• What is this assignment asking you to include in your writing?
• Have you included supporting evidence for your written answers?
• Have you made your points to the reader in clear and concise language?

A good way to start the conversation about his or her writing is to act as the reader in a writing conference where you provide a real audience for their writing.

The Middle School Mathematics Grade 8 Curriculum incorporates the Connecticut Core Standards for Mathematics (CCS-M). The program goals focus on the following content domains:

• The number system
• Expressions and equations
• Functions
• Geometry
• Statistics and probability

In all grades, the following mathematical practices are integrated throughout the program:

• Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them  
• Reason abstractly and quantitatively
• Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
• Model with mathematics  
• Use appropriate tools strategically  
• Attend to precision
• Look for and make use of structure
•  Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning

In grade 8, the major themes include extension of understanding and application of irrational numbers, radicals, integer exponents, and congruence, similarity, Pythagorean Theorem, volume and bivariate data. In addition, the understanding of proportional relationships as they relate to linear equations and the concept of a functional relationship are developed.

The World Language Curriculum incorporates the National Standards and the State of Connecticut Frameworks for World Languages. Students may study Chinese, French, or Spanish. Our program goals focus on:

• Communication: to use language in three modes: interpersonal, interpretive and presentational
• Cultures: to understand cultures through products, practices and perspectives of speakers of that language
• Connections: to understand relationships of language to other disciplines and new frontiers
• Comparisons: to develop insight into one’s own language and culture as well as those of the new language
• Community: to apply language beyond the classroom in a global setting

In all grades, emphasis is placed on development of oral and written communication skills; links to other disciplines are encouraged.

Grade 8 students look beyond their immediate environment to their own community and the larger world. Attention is paid to the development of reading in a cultural context and to writing comprehensible text. Oral communication skills that reflect age-appropriate relevance remain the primary objective.

Upon successful completion of the middle school World Language sequence, students earn one high school credit and either one or two years advancement in French, Spanish, or Chinese at the high school level.

The eighth grade science program focuses on the development of science and engineering practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas focused on forces and motion, energy, chemistry, waves, and space (universe, stars, solar system).

Students will engage in engineering tasks that involve designing, testing, and modifying solutions to solve real world problems.

Our curriculum is developed from the Next Generation Science Standards and seeks to present science learning in a three-dimensional method that integrates Disciplinary Core Ideas, Science and Engineering Practices, and Crosscutting Concepts.

During the 8th grade, students will explore the following concepts and skills:

• Scientific Investigations: Students will engage in engineering and scientific processes that allow them to ask questions and define problems, construct and interpret models, plan and carry out investigations, analyze and interpret data and effectively communicate.  
• Forces and Motion: Designing investigations related to force and motion, Newton’s Laws, gravitational forces, electronic and magnetic forces, forces and everyday life.
• Energy: Constructing and interpreting graphs comparing types of energy (i.e. kinetic vs. potential), temperature and particle motion, states of matter, energy transfer, heat vs. temperature, investigating thermal energy transfer, practical applications of energy transfer.
• Chemistry: Developing models to describe the structure of matter, properties of matter and analysis of different substances, chemical reactions, conservation of matter, chemical vs. physical properties and reactions, chemistry in our world.
• Waves: Wave properties, types of waves (sound, light, etc.), using descriptive and mathematical representations of waves, waves in every-day life.
• Space: The universe and stars, the solar system, using models to represent the earth/moon system and scale properties of objects in the solar system, space exploration.

The purpose of history and social studies is to prepare students to ask and seek answers to meaningful questions and prepare them with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to become informed participants in an ever changing global community and to act responsibly to improve its condition. The social studies curriculum is aligned with the national College, Career, and Citizenship (C3) frameworks as well as the Connecticut state social studies curriculum frameworks. Key disciplinary content and skills, as well as core literacy standards for reading, writing, speaking and listening are embedded within our curricula. Our curriculum is driven by student inquiry and requires students to engage with compelling questions in order to understand the world around us and take informed action based on their learning. In addition to disciplinary content, students are equipped with the tools necessary to engage in inquiry. In particular, students will learn to:

• Recognize, develop, and articulate compelling questions.
• Gather and evaluate sources and then use evidence to understand the complexity of multiple social studies topics.
• Explore multiple perspectives to develop their own understanding of history and social studies topics.
• Engage in conversations and share their understandings of the world around them. 

The eighth grade social studies program introduces students to the study of American history from the era of the Revolutionary War through Reconstruction. Students will also study topics in state and local history prior to the Revolution and at key points throughout the course. As a part of their study, students develop and apply the essential social studies skills of chronological thinking, historical analysis and interpretation, historical decision making and historical research to better understand themes and events in American history. Reading of primary sources and supplementary historical fiction is an integral part of this course. All students participate in a guaranteed research experience during the eighth grade year through their social studies class.  

The Library Media Services Department endorses the national mission of the American Association of School Librarians which is “...to ensure that students and staff are effective users of ideas and information.”  Library media specialists carry out this mission by “...empower[ing] students to be: critical thinkers, enthusiastic readers, skillful researchers and ethical users of information.”

• Read widely and deeply in multiple formats, across a variety of genres, to develop empathy and tolerance for diverse ideas, to become an informed citizen, as well as to satisfy their own personal curiosity and interests and to develop the lifelong habit of reading.
• Engage in a sustained inquiry-based research process for academic and personal growth.
• Evaluate information sources on the basis of accuracy, validity, appropriateness for needs, importance, and social and cultural context.
• Generate products that demonstrate learning, problem solving, and communication skills.
• Participate responsibly in personal, social, and intellectual networks by using a variety of tools and resources to communicate ideas locally and globally.
• Follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information and acknowledging authorship and intellectual property rights.